Разговорные фразы на все случаи жизни [29 штук]

Разговорные фразы на все случаи жизни You have made a good job of it! – Молодец! That is the way to do it. – Именно так это нужно сделать. There is no use to do it. – Бесполезно делать это. It is a good idea. – Это хорошая идея. It is not up to the mark. – Это не на должном уровне. It is below the standard. – Это ниже стандарта. It is unfair. It is not fair. – Это нечестно. It is your fault. – Это твоя вина / Сам виноват. It serves you right. – Так тебе и нужно. It is a lie / fraud. – Это ложь / обман. It is terrible. – Это ужасно. There is no sense in doing it. – He имеет смысла делать это. What a nuisance! – Какая досада! What a cad / rascal / bore! – Какой хам (мошенник / зануда)! Come on, stop it! – Хватит, перестань! I am sick and tired of it. – Мне это ужасно надоело. Mind your own business. – He суй нос в чужие дела. (Занимайся своим делом) I don’t саге. – Мне все равно / наплевать. It doesn't matter. – Не имеет значения. What difference does it make? – Какая разница? Look out. – Берегись. Be careful. – Будь внимателен. Caution. – Осторожно. Don’t risk. – Не рискуй. You will be sorry. - Ты пожалеешь. Don’t take rash steps. – Heделай опрометчивых шагов. Don’t you dare. – He смей. Don’t worry. – He беспокойся. I’ll look out. – Я буду осторожен.

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Система английских времен с точки зрения употребления глагола to vodka

Система английских времен с точки зрения употребления глагола to vodka Одним из основных трудностей при освоении английских глаголов - это неправильное употребление их времен. Приводим очень даже полезное пособие. После трех прочтений железно запоминается. Итак, система английских времен с точки зрения употребления глагола " to vоdkа": 1. Во-первых, необходимо уяснить, что в исследуемом языке существуют глаголы: 1.1 неопределенные (Indеfinitе), то есть неизвестно, пьешь ты или не пьешь. 1.2 длительные (Соntinuоus), то есть ты пьешь и находишься в состоянии глубокого запоя. 1.3 завершенные (Реrfесt), то есть ты либо уже вышел из запоя, либо уже окончательно напился и вырубился. 2. Во-вторых, существует объективное: 2.1 настоящее (Рrеsеnt) - ваше отношение к спиртному. 2.2 прошлое (Раst) - темное или светлое. 2.3 будущее (Futurе) - то, что вам светит: цирроз печени, нарко-диспансер, белая горячка и т. п. 3. Теперь все смешиваем: 3.1. Рrеsеnt: 3.1.1. Рrеsеnt Indеfinitе (настоящее неопределенное) см. выше. I vоdkа еvеrу dау. - Я пью водку каждый день. Примечание: вместо "еvеrу dау" можно употреблять выражения: usuаllу, sеldоm, оftеn, frоm timе tо timе, frоm mеlkауа роsudа, bоlshimi glоtkаmу... 3.1.2. Рrеsеnt Соntinuоus (настоящее длительное): I аm vоdking nоw. - Я пью водку сейчас. Для эмфатического усиления с этим временем можно употреблять наречия: Не is соnstаntlу vоdking! - Он постоянно поддатый! 3.1.3. Рrеsеnt Реrfесt (настоящее завершенное): I hаvе аlrеаdу vоdkеd. - Я уже нажрамшись. (В ответ на предложение выпить). 3.1.4. Рrеsеnt Реrfесt Соntinuоus (настоящее завершенно-продолженное): I hаvе bееn vоdking sinсе сhildhооd. - Я пью водку с детства. (тип inсlusivе). Я пил водку с детства (но уже не пью). (тип ехсlusivе). 3.2. Раst: 3.2.1. Раst Indеfinitе (прошедшее неопределенное): I vоdkеd уеstеrdау. - Я напился вчера. Примечание: не путать со временем 3.1.3., там "напился только что". 3.2.2. Раst Соntinuоus (прошедшее длительное): Часто употребляется как придаточное предложение к главному во времени 3.2.1. Unfоrtunаnеlу, I wаs vоdking аt thе mоmеnt mу friend camе. - К несчастью, я пил водку в тот момент, когда пришлел друг. 3.2.3. Раst Реrfесt (прошедшее завершенное): также употребляется как придаточное. I hаd аlrеаdу vоdkеd whеn mу friend саmе. - Я уже упился, когда вошел друг. 3.2.4. Раst Реrfесt Соntinuоus (прошедшее завершенно-продолженное). I hаd bееn vоdking fоr аbоut а mоnth whеn mу friend саmе. - Я пил водку уже около месяца, когда вошел мой друг. 3. Futurе: 3.3.1. Futurе Indеfinitе (будущее неопределенное). I will vоdkа tоmоrrоw. - Я буду пить водку завтра. Примечание: В придаточных предложениях времени и условия (то есть при отсутствии подходящего времени и условий) вместо времени 3.3.1. употребляется время 3.1.1. : If I vоdkа tоmоrrоw I will bе siсk thе dау аftеr tоmоrrоw. - Если я выпью завтра, я буду болеть послезавтра. 3.3.2. Futurе Соntinuоus (будущее длительное). I will bе vоdking tоmоrrоw аt 7. - Я буду заниматься употреблением горячительных напитков завтра в семь. П римечание: При горячем желании опохмелиться вместо времени 3.3.1. можно употреблять время 3.3.2.: Sооn! Sооn I will bе vоdking. - Скоро! Скоро я буду пить водку! 3.3.3. Futurе Реrfесt (будущее завершенное): употребляется при планировании состояния опьянения. Тоmоrrоw bу 7 о'сlосk I will hаvе vоdkеd. - Завтра к семи я буду нажрамшись. 3.3.4. Futurе Реrfесt Соntinuоus (будущее завершенно-длительное): Ву tоmоrrоw mоrning I will hаvе bееn vоdking fоr а tеrm. - К завтрашнему утру я буду пить водку семестр. 3.3.5 Futurе in thе Раst (будущее в прошедшем): Wоuld уоu vоdkа in thе сhildrеn gаrdеn? - Хотели бы вы пить белую в детском саду? Мы надеемся, что это доступное изложение системы английских времен поможет вам ими овладеть в совершенстве. Графическое закрепление употребления глагола to vodka: PS: Обратите внимание: глагола to vodka в английском языке не существует, так что, предпочтительнее пользоваться словосочетанием to drink vodka...

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U.S. States - Штаты США, с указанием столиц штата

Штаты США, с указанием столиц штата Айдахо (Idaho), столица - Бойсе Айова (Iowa), столица - Де-Мойн Аляска (Alaska), столица - Джуно Алабама (Alabama), столица - Монтгомери Аризона (Arizona), столица - Финикс Арканзас (Arkansas), столица - Литл Рок Вашингтон (Washington), столица - Олимпия Вайоминг (Wyoming), столица - Шайенн Вермонт (Vermont), столица - Монтпилиер Виргиния (Virginia), столица - Ричмонд Висконсин (Wisconsin), столица - Мэдисон Гавайи (Hawaii), столица - Гонолулу Дэлавер (Delaware), столица - Довер Джорджия(Georgia), столица - Атланта Западная Виргиния (West Virginia), столица - Чарлстон Индиана (Indiana), столица - Индианаполис Иллинойс (Illinois), столица - Спрингфилд Калифорния (California), столица - Сакраменто Канзас (Kansas), столица - Топика Кентуки (Kentucky), столица - Франкфорт Колорадо (Colorado), столица -Денвер Коннектикут (Connecticut), столица - Хартфорд Луизиана (Louisiana), столица - Батон-Руж Миннесота (Minnesota), столица - Сент-Пол Массачусетс (Massachusetts), столица - Бостон Миссисипи (Mississippi), столица - Джексон Миссури (Missouri), столица - Джефферсон-Сити Монтана (Montana), столица - Хелена Мичиган (Michigan), столица - Лансинг Мэн (Maine), столица - Огаста Мэриленд (Maryland), столица - Аннаполис Невада (Nevada), столица - Карсон-Сити Небраска (Nebraska), столица - Линкольн Нью-Йорк (New York), столица - Олбани Нью-Гэмпшир (New Hampshire), столица - Конкорд Нью-Джерси (New Jersey), столица - Трентон Нью-Мексико (New Mexico), столица -Санта-Фе Орегон (Oregon), столица -Сейлем Огайо (Ohio), столица -Колумбус Оклахома (Oklahoma), столица - Оклахома-сити Пенсильвания (Pennsylvania), столица - Гаррисберг Род-Айленд (Rhode Island), столица -Провиденс Северная Каролина (North Carolina), столица - Роли Северная Дакота (North Dakota), столица - Бисмарк Теннесси (Tennessee), столица -Нешвилл Техас (Texas), столица - Остин Флорида (Florida), столица - Таллахасси Южная Каролина (South Carolina), столица -Колумбия Южная Дакота (South Dakota), столица -Пирр Юта (Utah), столица - Солт-Лейк-Сити

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The Present Perfect Tense - Настоящее совершенное время

The Present Perfect - Настоящее совершенное время Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма ... + have/has + III Have/has ... + III ? ... have/has not + III I have (=I've) danced. Я танцевал. ( уже или до этого) Have I danced? Я танцевал? I have not (=I haven't) danced. Я не танцевал. He She It has danced   =(...'s danced) Has he she it danced? He She It has not danced =(hasn't danced) We You They have danced =(...'ve danced) Have we you they danced? We You They have not danced =(haven't danced) Сокращенные формы: I have = I’ve [aıv], she has = she’s [ʃıːz], we have = we’ve [wıːv], they have = they’ve [ðeıv], has not = hasn’t [hæznt], have not = haven’t [hævnt] -> Список общепринятых сокращений в английском языке. Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в настоящем времени ( have, has ) и причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола - Past Participle (III-я форма или ed-форма). Форма Present Perfect имеет временной акцент "до настоящего момента" и употребляется тогда, когда необходимо подчеркнуть, что результат некоего действия, случившегося в прошлом (не важно, непосредственно перед моментом речи или в более отдаленное время), присутствует в настоящий момент, например: I have lost the key. Я потерял ключ. (значит сейчас я без ключа) Так как это форма настоящего времени и всегда соотносится с моментом речи, то она не употребляется в тех случаях, когда есть обстоятельства, указывающие на время совершения действия в прошлом. Present Perfect чаще всего употребляется в начале разговора или сообщения, когда возникает необходимость сообщить о каком-то новом событии. Если после этого разговор продолжается о том же событии с целью выяснения различных обстоятельств и подробностей его осуществления, то действие выражается далее в Past Indefinite: I =have seen the film. I saw it in London. – Did you like the film? Я видел этот фильм. Я видел его в Лондоне. – Тебе понравился этот фильм? Well, I =have had a word with the boss. He said he would think it over. Ну так вот, я поговорил с начальником. Он сказал, что подумает. Однако если даже в самом начале разговора речь идет о действиях, уже известных собеседникам, то в этом случае сразу употребляется Past Indefinite (например, выясняются детали известного обоим собеседникам события): Did you have a good trip? Как ты съездил? (У тебя была хорошая поездка?) Поэтому форму Present Perfect нужно использовать только тогда, когда это действительно важно по смыслу (подразумевается какая-то связь между этим действием и настоящим моментом). Там же, где в этом нет необходимости (большинство случаев), следует использовать простые формы прошедшего времени. Нужно запомнить, что have (has, had) – это позывные формы Perfect. В сознании наших учащихся эти слова сразу же ассоциируются с понятием "имею" ("у меня есть"). В сознании же англоязычного слушателя они ассоциируются прежде всего с Perfect. Это значит, что если я начинаю фразу с I have…, то он ожидает далее услышать нечто вроде: …done я сделал, …met я встретил, …finished я закончил и т.п. Точно также и в вопросе, начинающемся с Have you…? англоязычный собеседник ждет формы Prefect, например типа: …seen видели ли вы?, …bought купили ли вы?, …visited посетили ли вы? и т.п. Для выражения понятия "имею" ("у меня есть") чаще употребляется выражение have got, в разговоре обычно …’ve got, или в просторечии просто got. А в аналогичном вопросе – Do you have…? Present Perfect употребляется для выражения: (основные случаи употребления) 1) Действия или состояния уже завершившегося к моменту речи, если результат свершившегося имеет значение в настоящий момент. Дополнительные случаи употребления: 2) Вместо Present Perfect Continuous для выражения действия, начавшегося в прошлом и еще продолжающегося в момент речи (с глаголами, не употребляющимися в формах Continuous). 3) В придаточных предложениях времени для выражения будущего завершенного действия. 1) Употребляется для выражения действия или состояния, начавшегося в прошлом и уже завершившегося к моменту речи, если необходимо подчеркнуть, что результат свершившегося имеет значение в настоящий момент. В беседе - назвать впервые, ввести в разговор. Время действия и обстоятельства или совсем не указываются, или время обозначается неопределенно – с помощью неопределенных наречий или слов, обозначающих незаконченные периоды времени. На русский язык переводится прошедшим временем. I =have read this book. Я прочитал эту книгу.(значит сейчас знаю ее содержание или, теперь могу дать тебе) He =has gone. Он ушел.(сейчас его здесь нет) The taxi =has arrived. Такси прибыло.(сейчас оно у дома) I =have broken my pencil. Я сломал свой карандаш.(сейчас им нельзя писать) Примеры использования Present Perfect при передаче фактов, сообщений, новостей: I =have seen Tom with a new girlfriend. She is quite pretty. Я встретил Тома с новой подружкой. Она довольно хорошенькая. He =has been to Spain twice. Он дважды был в Испании. Do you know about John? He =has moved to a new flat? Ты знаешь про Джона? Он переехал на новую квартиру. Примеры из повседневной жизни: I think I =’ve seen you somewhere. Думаю, что я встречал вас где-то. Don’t buy the tickets. I =’ve bought them. Не покупай билеты. Я уже их купил. Is Clare in? – No, she =has gone to the theatre. Клэр дома? – Нет, она пошла в театр. В этой форме также дают оценку свершившимся событиям, суммируют на момент речи сделанное ранее, сообщают о полученном опыте, знаниях: You =have done everything for us. Вы для нас очень много сделали.(оценка) I =’ve been a fool. Я был глупцом. (вел себя глупо) I =have won. Я выиграл. (итог в результате) You =have spoiled everything. Ты все испортил. (все испорчено сейчас) Используют в языке средств массовой информации: Prices =have gone up. Цены выросли. There =has been an air-crash in Poland. В Польше произошла авиакатастрофа. В общих вопросах: Have you =done your homework? Yes, I =have. – No, I haven’t. Ты сделал домашнюю работу? Да. – Нет. Has Mother =returned? Мама вернулась? Have you =rung him? Ты позвонил ему? В специальных вопросах: Why =haven’t you put on your coat? Почему ты не надел пальто? What =have they done? Что они сделали? Особенности употребления: а) Present Perfect может употребляться с обстоятельственными словами, обозначающими период времени, который еще не закончился: today сегодня this week на этой неделе this month в этом месяце this year в этом году this morning сегодня утром Например: He has missed a lot of classes this week. Он пропустил много занятий на этой неделе. I =haven’t seen Peter today. Я не видел Петра сегодня. Но если указанный период времени уже закончился, то употребляется форма Past Indefinite, например: I wrote a letter this morning. (форма Past Indefinite) Я написал письмо сегодня утром. (если разговор происходит, например, днем или вечером) I =haveформа Present Perfect) written a letter this morning. ( Я написал письмо сегодня утром. (если разговор тоже происходит утром) б) Часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времени и частотности если в контексте нет никаких указаний на то, что данное действие относится к прошедшему времени. Их место в предложении: наречия never, ever, often, seldom, already, just – обычно перед смысловым глаголом; наречия lately, recently, by now, up to now, yet – в конце предложения. never никогда ever когда-либо often часто already уже seldom редко just только что by now уже, к настоящему времени lately в последнее время, недавно yet еще (в вопросах и отрицаниях) up to now до настоящего момента Например: I’m sure we =have never met before. Я уверен, мы никогда раньше не встречались. She =has already seen this film. Она уже видела этот фильм. They =have arrived by now. Они приехали уже. Have you ever =been to the Hermitage. Вы когда-нибудь были в Эрмитаже? Причем с наречиями lately в последнее время, недавно и just только что всегда употребляется Present Perfect, например: He =’s (He has) just gone out. Он только что вышел. I =have seen many pictures lately. Я посмотрел много картин за последнее время. Однако наречие just now только что, не имея смыслового различия с just, традиционно употребляется с прошедшим временем (Past Indefinite), сравните: I saw him just now. Я только что видел его. I =have just seen him. Я только что видел его. Примечание: В американском английском чаще используется Past Indefinite, даже при наличии наречий, связываемых обычно с Present Perfect: The train already left. Поезд уже ушел. I just arrived. Я только что пришел. Дополнительные случаи употребления: 2) Вместо Present Perfect Continuous для выражения действия, начавшегося в прошлом и еще продолжающегося в момент речи с глаголами, не употребляющимися в формах Continuous. При этом обязательно указывается либо весь период времени, в течение которого происходило действие, либо начальный момент этого периода. На русский язык обычно переводится настоящим временем (в отрицательных предложениях может переводиться прошедшим временем). Например: I =have lived here all my life. Я живу тут всю свою жизнь. I =’ve always lik ed him. Он мне всегда нравился. (раньше и теперь) Для обозначения всего периода времени обычно используется предлог for в течение - for a few days в течение нескольких дней, for an hour в течение часа и т.п. I =’ve been a teacher for 5 years. Я преподаю в течение 5 лет. I =have known her for years. Я знаю ее много лет. А для обозначения начальной точки отсчета с которой длится данный период употребляется предлог since - с, например: I =haven’t been here since 1999. Я не был здесь с 1999 года. В этом же значении употребляется союз since с тех пор как. При этом в главном предложении употребляется Present Perfect, а в придаточном предложении – Past Indefinite: We =have known each other since we were children. Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как мы были детьми. В вопросах о продолжительности периода действия обычно употребляются фразы how long сколько времени и since when с каких пор: Since when =have you lived in Paris? С какого времени вы живете в Париже? How long =have you known him? Сколько времени ты знаешь его? 3) Для выражения будущего завершенного действия в придаточных предложениях времени. Употребляется вместо Future Perfect для выражения действия, которое закончится в будущем до того, как произойдет действие главного предложения. Придаточные предложения вводятся союзами времени: after после того как, as soon as как только, before прежде чем, until (till) до тех пор пока… не, while в то время как, пока, when когда и т.п. На русский язык переводится будущим временем совершенного вида: Wait till I =have finish ed my work. Подожди, пока я закончу работу. I’ll give you the book after I =have read it. Я дам вам эту книгу, после того как я прочту ее. When we =have had tea I’ll show you my collection. Когда мы попьем чаю, я покажу тебе свою коллекцию.

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Сказка The Court Cards - Короли, дамы и валеты

Сказка The Court Cards - Короли, дамы и валеты How many beautiful things may be cut out of and pasted on paper! Thus a castle was cut out and pasted, so large that it filled a whole table, and it was painted as if it were built of red stones. It had a shining copper roof, it had towers and a draw-bridge, water in the canals just like plate glass, for it was plate-glass, and in the highest tower stood a wooden watchman. He had a trumpet, but he did not blow it. The whole belonged to a little boy, whose name was William. He raised the draw-bridge himself and let it down again, made his tin soldiers march over it, opened the castle gate and looked into the large and elegant drawing-room, where all the court cards of a pack—Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs, and Spades—hung in frames on the walls, like pictures in real drawing rooms. The kings held each a scepter, and wore crowns; the queens wore veils flowing down over their shoulders, and in their hands they held a flower or a fan; the knaves had halberds and nodding plumes. One evening the little boy peeped through the open castle gate, to catch a glimpse of the court cards in the drawing room, and it seemed to him that the kings saluted him with their scepters, that the Queen of Spades swung the golden tulip which she held in her hand, that the Queen of Hearts lifted her fan, and that all four queens graciously recognized him. He drew a little nearer, in order to see better, and that made him hit his head against the castle so that it shook. Then all the four knaves of Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs, and Spades, raised their halberds, to warn him that he must not try to get in that way. The little boy understood the hint, and gave a friendly nod; he nodded again, and then said: “Say something!” but the knaves did not say a word. However, the third time be nodded, the Knave of Hearts sprang out of the card, and placed himself in the middle of the floor. “What is your name?” the knave asked the little boy. “You have clear eyes and good teeth, but your hands are dirty: you do not wash them often enough!” Now this was rather coarse language, but, of course, not much politeness can be expected from a knave. He is only a common fellow. “My name is William,” said the little boy, “and the castle is mine, and you are my Knave of Hearts!” “No, I am not. I am my king’s and my queen’s knave, not yours!” said the Knave of Hearts. “I am not obliged to stay here. I can get down off the card, and out of the frame too, and so can my gracious king and queen, even more easily than I. We can go out into the wide world, but that is such a wearisome march; we have grown tired of it; it is more convenient, more easy, more agreeable, to be sitting in the cards, and just to be ourselves!” “Have all of you really been human beings once?” asked little William. “Human beings!” repeated the Knave of Hearts. “Yes, we have; but not so good as we ought to have been! Please now light a little wax candle (I like a red one best, for that is the color of my king and queen); then I will tell the lord of the castle—I think you said you were the lord of the castle, did you not?—our whole history; but for goodness’ sake, don’t interrupt me, for if I speak, it must be done without any interruption whatever. I am in a great hurry! Do you see my king, I mean the King of Hearts ? He is the oldest of the four kings there, for he was born first,—born with a golden crown and a golden apple. He began to rule at once. His queen was born with a golden fan; that she still has. They both were very agreeably situated, even from infancy. They did not have to go to school, they could play the whole day, build castles, and knock them down, marshal tin soldiers for battle, and play with dolls. When they asked for buttered bread, then there was butter on both sides of the bread, and powdered brown sugar, too, nicely spread over it. It was the good old time, and was called the Golden Age; but they grew tired of it, and so did I. Then the King of Diamonds took the reins of government!” The knave said nothing more. Little William waited to hear something further, but not a syllable was uttered; so presently he asked,—“Well, and then ?” The Knave of Hearts did not answer; he stood up straight, silent, bold, and stiff, his eyes fixed upon the burning wax candle. Little William nodded; he nodded again, but no reply. Then he turned to the Knave of Diamonds; and when he had nodded to him three times, up he sprang out of the card, in the middle of the floor, and uttered only one single word,— “Wax candle!” Little William understood what he meant, and immediately lighted a red candle, and placed it before him. Then the Knave of Diamonds presented arms, for that is a token of respect, and said:—“Then the King of Diamonds succeeded to the throne! He was a king with a pane of glass on his breast; also the queen had a pane of glass on her breast, so that people could look right into her. For the rest, they were formed like other human beings, and were so agreeable and so handsome, that a monument was erected in honor of them, which stood for seven years without falling. Properly speaking, it should have stood forever, for so it was intended; but from some unknown reasons, it fell.” Then the Knave of Diamonds presented arms, Out of respect for his king, and he looked fixedly on his red wax candle. But now at once, without any nod or invitation from little William, the Knave of Clubs stepped out, grave and proud, like the stork that struts with such a dignified air over the green meadow. The black clover-leaf in the corner of the card flew like a bird beyond the knave, and then flew back again, and stuck itself where it had been sticking before. And without waiting for his wax candle, the Knave of Clubs spoke:— “Not all get butter on both sides of the bread, and brown powdered sugar on that. My king and queen did not get it. They had to go to school, and learn what they had not learnt before. They also had a pane of glass on their breasts, but nobody looked through it, except to see if there was not some. thing wrong with their works inside, in order to find, if possible, some reason for giving them a scolding! I know it; I have served my king and queen all my life-time; I know everything about them, and obey their commands. They bid me say nothing more to-night. 1 keep silent, therefore, and present arms!” But little William was a kind-hearted boy, so he lighted a candle for this knave also, a shining white one, white like snow. No sooner was the candle lighted, than the Knave of Spades appeared in the middle of the drawing-room. He came hurriedly; yet he limped, as if he had a sore leg. Indeed, it had once been broken, and he had had, moreover, many ups and down in his life. He spoke as follows:— “My brother knaves have each got a candle, and I shall also get one; I know that. But if we poor knaves have so much honor, our kings and queens must have thrice as much. Now, it is proper that my King of Spades and my Queen of Spades should have four candles to gladden them. An additional honor ought to be conferred upon them. Their history and trials are so doleful, that they have very good reason to wear mourning, and to have a grave-digger’s spade on their coat of arms. My own fate, poor knave that I am, is deplorable enough. In one game at cards, I have got the nickname of ‘Black Peter!’1 But alas! I have got a still uglier name, which, indeed, it is hardly the thing to mention aloud,” and then he whispered,—“In another game, I have been nicknamed ‘Dirty Mads!’2 I, who was once the King of Spades’ Lord Chamberlain! Is not this a bitter fate? The history of my royal master and queen I will not relate; they don’t wish me to do so! Little lord of the castle, as he calls himself, may guess it himself if he chooses, but it is very lamentable,—O, no doubt about that! Their circumstances have become very much reduced, and are not likely to change for the better, until we are all riding on the red horse higher than the skies, where there are no haps and mishaps!” Little William now lighted, as the Knave of Spades had said was proper, three candles for each of the kings, and three for each of the queens; but for the King and Queen of Spades he lighted four candles apiece, and the whole drawing-room became as light and transparent as the palace of the richest emperor, and the illustrious kings and queens bowed to each other serenely and graciously. The Queen of Hearts made her golden fan bow; and the Queen of Spades swung her golden tulip in such a way, that a stream of fire issued from it. The royal couples alighted from the cards and frames, and moved in a slow and graceful minuet up and down the floor. They were dancing in the very midst of flames, and the knaves were dancing too. But alas! the whole drawing-room was soon in a blaze; the devouring element roared up through the roof, and all was one crackling and hissing sheet of fire; and in a moment little William’s castle itself was enveloped in flames and smoke. The boy became frightened, and ran off, crying to his father and mother,—“Fire, fire, fire! my castle is on fire!“ He grew pale as ashes, and his little hands trembled like the aspen-leaf The fire continued sparkling and blazing, but in the midst of this destructive scene, the following words were uttered in a singing tone:— “Now we are riding on the red horse, higher than the skies! This is the way for kings and queens to go, and this is the way for their knaves to go after them!“ Yes I that was the end of William’s castle, and of the court cards. William did not perish in the flames; he is still alive, and he washed his small bands, and said: “I am innocent of the destruction of the castle.“ And, indeed, it was not his fault that the castle was burnt down.

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The Present Continuous Tense - Настоящее продолженное время

The Present Continuous Tense - Настоящее продолженное время Утвердительная форма Вопросительная форма Отрицательная форма ... + am/is/are + IV Am/Is/Are ... + IV ? ... am/is/are not + IV I am (=I'm) reading. Я читаю. ( сейчас ) Am I reading? Я читаю? I am not (=I'm not) reading. Я не читаю. He She It is reading =(...'s reading) Is he she it reading? He She It is not reading =(isn't reading) We You They are reading =(...'re reading) Are we you they reading? We You They are not reading =(aren't reading) Сокращенные формы: I am = I’m [aım], she is = she’s [ʃıːz], we are = we’re [wıə], they are = they’re [ðeə], are not = aren’t [ɑːnt], is not = isn’t [ıznt] Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем времени ( am, is, are ) и причастия настоящего времени смыслового глагола - Present Participle (IV-я форма или ing-форма). Present Continuous употребляется для выражения: (основные случаи употребления) 1. Действия, совершающегося в момент речи. 2. Длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени. Дополнительные случаи употребления: 3. Для выражения будущего действия: а) запланированного действующим лицом; б) в придаточных предложениях условия и времени. 1) Основным значением Present Continuous является выражение действий, совершающихся в момент речи. Причем наличие слов, обозначающих момент речи: now сейчас, теперь, at this moment в настоящий момент и пр. возможно, но совсем не обязательно. Hurry up! The train is coming. Поторопись. Поезд идет. I am sitting at my table and writing. Я сижу за столом и пишу. (сейчас) It is raining. Идет дождь. (в данный момент) You are not listening to me. Ты не слушаешь меня. Helen, what are you doing? Елена, что ты (сейчас) делаешь? Если в настоящий момент для говорящего более важен сам факт действия, чем процесс, то употребляется Present Indefinite, а не Present Continuous: Stop talking! Why don’t you listen? Перестань разговаривать! Почему ты не слушаешь? Why don’t you answer? Почему ты не отвечаешь? Если в момент речи происходят два одновременных процесса, то возможны все три варианта передачи этих действий: оба в Indefinite, одно в Indefinite – другое в Continuous, оба в Continuous: Do you hear what he says? = Are you listening what he’s saying? = Do you hear what he’s saying? Ты слышишь (слушаешь), что он говорит? 2) Для выражения длительного действия, совершающегося в настоящий период времени , хотя и не обязательно в момент речи, например: She is studying at school. Она учится в школе.(в настоящее время) I am learning to drive. Я учусь водить машину.(в настоящее время) My husband is working on an invention. Мой муж (в настоящее время) работает над одним изобретением. Дополнительные случаи употребления: 3) Для выражения будущего действия: а) Для выражения запланированного будущего действия (действующим лицом выражено как намерение совершить действие так и уверенность в его совершении, так как имеется договоренность, план, билеты и т.п.), особенно с глаголами, обозначающими движение или действие. В этом случае почти всегда употребляются обстоятельства времени. Эта форма типична для разговорного стиля, а Present Indefinite - для официального стиля. I’m leaving tomorrow. Я уезжаю завтра. We’re flying to Moscow in the morning. Мы вылетаем в Москву утром. He is taking his examination on Monday. Он держит экзамен в понедельник. We are dining out on Friday. Мы обедаем в гостях в пятницу. б) Для выражения будущего действия в обстоятельственных придаточных предложениях условия и времени вводимых союзами условия (if если, in case в случае и т.п.) или времени (before прежде чем, until (till) до тех пор, пока… не, while в то время как, пока, when когда и т.п.), например: If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please. Если я буду спать, когда он придет, разбудите меня, пожалуйста.

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Сказка The Child in the Grave

Сказка The Child in the Grave It was a very sad day, and every heart in the house felt the deepest grief; for the youngest child, a boy of four years old, the joy and hope of his parents, was dead. Two daughters, the elder of whom was going to be confirmed, still remained: they were both good, charming girls; but the lost child always seems the dearest; and when it is youngest, and a son, it makes the trial still more heavy. The sisters mourned as young hearts can mourn, and were especially grieved at the sight of their parents' sorrow. The father's heart was bowed down, but the mother sunk completely under the deep grief. Day and night she had attended to the sick child, nursing and carrying it in her bosom, as a part of herself. She could not realize the fact that the child was dead, and must be laid in a coffin to rest in the ground. She thought God could not take her darling little one from her; and when it did happen notwithstanding her hopes and her belief, and there could be no more doubt on the subject, she said in her feverish agony, “God does not know it. He has hard-hearted ministering spirits on earth, who do according to their own will, and heed not a mother's prayers.” Thus in her great grief she fell away from her faith in God, and dark thoughts arose in her mind respecting death and a future state. She tried to believe that man was but dust, and that with his life all existence ended. But these doubts were no support to her, nothing on which she could rest, and she sunk into the fathomless depths of despair. In her darkest hours she ceased to weep, and thought not of the young daughters who were still left to her. The tears of her husband fell on her forehead, but she took no notice of him; her thoughts were with her dead child; her whole existence seemed wrapped up in the remembrances of the little one and of every innocent word it had uttered. The day of the little child's funeral came. For nights previously the mother had not slept, but in the morning twilight of this day she sunk from weariness into a deep sleep; in the mean time the coffin was carried into a distant room, and there nailed down, that she might not hear the blows of the hammer. When she awoke, and wanted to see her child, the husband, with tears, said, “We have closed the coffin; it was necessary to do so.” “When God is so hard to me, how can I expect men to be better?” she said with groans and tears. The coffin was carried to the grave, and the disconsolate mother sat with her young daughters. She looked at them, but she saw them not; for her thoughts were far away from the domestic hearth. She gave herself up to her grief, and it tossed her to and fro, as the sea tosses a ship without compass or rudder. So the day of the funeral passed away, and similar days followed, of dark, wearisome pain. With tearful eyes and mournful glances, the sorrowing daughters and the afflicted husband looked upon her who would not hear their words of comfort; and, indeed, what comforting words could they speak, when they were themselves so full of grief? It seemed as if she would never again know sleep, and yet it would have been her best friend, one who would have strengthened her body and poured peace into her soul. They at last persuaded her to lie down, and then she would lie as still as if she slept. One night, when her husband listened, as he often did, to her breathing, he quite believed that she had at length found rest and relief in sleep. He folded his arms and prayed, and soon sunk himself into healthful sleep; therefore he did not notice that his wife arose, threw on her clothes, and glided silently from the house, to go where her thoughts constantly lingered—to the grave of her child. She passed through the garden, to a path across a field that led to the churchyard. No one saw her as she walked, nor did she see any one; for her eyes were fixed upon the one object of her wanderings. It was a lovely starlight night in the beginning of September, and the air was mild and still. She entered the churchyard, and stood by the little grave, which looked like a large nosegay of fragrant flowers. She sat down, and bent her head low over the grave, as if she could see her child through the earth that covered him—her little boy, whose smile was so vividly before her, and the gentle expression of whose eyes, even on his sick-bed, she could not forget. How full of meaning that glance had been, as she leaned over him, holding in hers the pale hand which he had no longer strength to raise! As she had sat by his little cot, so now she sat by his grave; and here she could weep freely, and her tears fell upon it. “Thou wouldst gladly go down and be with thy child,” said a voice quite close to her,—a voice that sounded so deep and clear, that it went to her heart. She looked up, and by her side stood a man wrapped in a black cloak, with a hood closely drawn over his face; but her keen glance could distinguish the face under the hood. It was stern, yet awakened confidence, and the eyes beamed with youthful radiance. “Down to my child,” she repeated; and tones of despair and entreaty sounded in the words. “Darest thou to follow me?” asked the form. “I am Death.” She bowed her head in token of assent. Then suddenly it appeared as if all the stars were shining with the radiance of the full moon on the many-colored flowers that decked the grave. The earth that covered it was drawn back like a floating drapery. She sunk down, and the spectre covered her with a black cloak; night closed around her, the night of death. She sank deeper than the spade of the sexton could penetrate, till the churchyard became a roof above her. Then the cloak was removed, and she found herself in a large hall, of wide-spreading dimensions, in which there was a subdued light, like twilight, reigning, and in a moment her child appeared before her, smiling, and more beautiful than ever; with a silent cry she pressed him to her heart. A glorious strain of music sounded—now distant, now near. Never had she listened to such tones as these; they came from beyond a large dark curtain which separated the regions of death from the land of eternity. “My sweet, darling mother,” she heard the child say. It was the well-known, beloved voice; and kiss followed kiss, in boundless delight. Then the child pointed to the dark curtain. “There is nothing so beautiful on earth as it is here. Mother, do you not see them all? Oh, it is happiness indeed.” But the mother saw nothing of what the child pointed out, only the dark curtain. She looked with earthly eyes, and could not see as the child saw,—he whom God has called to be with Himself. She could hear the sounds of music, but she heard not the words, the Word in which she was to trust. “I can fly now, mother,” said the child; “I can fly with other happy children into the presence of the Almighty. I would fain fly away now; but if you weep for me as you are weeping now, you may never see me again. And yet I would go so gladly. May I not fly away? And you will come to me soon, will you not, dear mother?” “Oh, stay, stay!” implored the mother; “only one moment more; only once more, that I may look upon thee, and kiss thee, and press thee to my heart.” Then she kissed and fondled her child. Suddenly her name was called from above; what could it mean? her name uttered in a plaintive voice. “Hearest thou?” said the child. “It is my father who calls thee.” And in a few moments deep sighs were heard, as of children weeping. “They are my sisters,” said the child. “Mother, surely you have not forgotten them.” And then she remembered those she left behind, and a great terror came over her. She looked around her at the dark night. Dim forms flitted by. She seemed to recognize some of them, as they floated through the regions of death towards the dark curtain, where they vanished. Would her husband and her daughters flit past? No; their sighs and lamentations still sounded from above; and she had nearly forgotten them, for the sake of him who was dead. “Mother, now the bells of heaven are ringing,” said the child; “mother, the sun is going to rise.” An overpowering light streamed in upon her, the child had vanished, and she was being borne upwards. All around her became cold; she lifted her head, and saw that she was lying in the churchyard, on the grave of her child. The Lord, in a dream, had been a guide to her feet and a light to her spirit. She bowed her knees, and prayed for forgiveness. She had wished to keep back a soul from its immortal flight; she had forgotten her duties towards the living who were left her. And when she had offered this prayer, her heart felt lighter. The sun burst forth, over her head a little bird carolled his song, and the church-bells sounded for the early service. Everything around her seemed holy, and her heart was chastened. She acknowledged the goodness of God, she acknowledged the duties she had to perform, and eagerly she returned home. She bent over her husband, who still slept; her warm, devoted kiss awakened him, and words of heartfelt love fell from the lips of both. Now she was gentle and strong as a wife can be; and from her lips came the words of faith: “Whatever He doeth is right and best.” Then her husband asked, “From whence hast thou all at once derived such strength and comforting faith?” And as she kissed him and her children, she said, “It came from God, through my child in the grave.”

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Сказка The Candles - Свечи

Сказка The Candles - Свечи There was once a big wax-candle which knew its own importance quite well. “I am born of wax and moulded in a shape,” it said “I give better light and burn longer than other candles my place is in a chandelier or on a silver candlestick!” “That must be a lovely existence!” said the tallow-candle. “I am only made of tallow, but I comfort myself with the thought that it is always a little better than being a farthing dip: that is only dipped twice, and I am dipped eight times to get my proper thickness. I am content! it is certainly finer and more fortunate to be born of wax instead of tallow, but one does not settle one’s own place in this world. You are placed in the big room in the glass chandelier, I remain in the kitchen, but that is also a good place; from there the whole house gets its food.” “But there is something which is more important than food,” said the wax-candle. “Society! to see it shine, and to shine oneself! There is a ball this evening, and soon I and all my family will be fetched.” Scarcely was the word spoken, when all the wax-candles were fetched, but the tallow-candle also went with them. The lady herself took it in her dainty hand, and carried it out to the kitchen: a little boy stood there with a basket, which was filled with potatoes; two or three apples also found their way there. The good lady gave all this to the poor boy. “There is a candle for you as well, my little friend,” said she. “Your mother sits and works till late in the night; she can use it!” The little daughter of the house stood close by, and when she heard the words “late in the night,” she said with great delight, “I also shall stay up till late in the night! We shall have a ball, and I shall wear My big red sash!;” How her face shone! that was with joy! No wax-candle can shine like two childish eyes! “That is a blessing to see,” thought the tallow-candle; “I shall never forget it, and I shall certainly never see it again.” And so it was laid in the basket, under the lid, and the boy went away with it. “Where shall I go now?” thought the candle; “I shall go to poor people, and perhaps not even get a brass candlestick, while the wax-candle sits in silver and sees all the grand people. How lovely it must be to shine for the grand people! but it was my lot to be tallow and not way!” And so the candle came to poor people, a widow with three children, in a little, low room, right opposite the rich house. “God bless the good lady for her gifts,” said the mother, “what a lovely candle that is! it can burn till late in the night.” And then the candle was lighted. “Fut, foi,” it said, “what a horrid-smelling match that was she lighted me with! the wax-candle over in the rich house would not have such treatment offered to it.” There also the candles were lighted: they shone, out across the street; the carriages rolled up with the elegant ball-guests and the music played. “Now they begin across there,” the tallow-candle noticed, and thought of the beaming face of the rich little girl, more sparkling than all the wax-lights. “That sight I shall never see again!” Then the smallest of the children in the poor house, a little girl, came and took her brother and sister round the neck: she had something very important to tell them, and it must be whispered. “To-night we shall have just think!—To-night we shall have hot potatoes!” And her face shone with happiness: the tallow-candle shone right into it, and it saw a gladness, a happiness as great as over in the rich house, where the little girl said, “We shall have a ball to-night, and I shall wear my big red sash!” “It is just as much to get hot potatoes,” thought the candle. “Here there is just as much joy amongst the children.” And it sneezed at that; that is to say, it spattered; a tallow-candle can do no more. The table was laid, and the potatoes eaten. Oh, how good they tasted! it was a perfect feast, and each one got an apple besides, and the smallest child said the little verse: “Thou good God, I give thanks to Thee That Thou again bast nourished me. Amen!” “Was that not nicely said, Mother?” broke out the little one. “You must not ask that again,” said the mother; “you must think only of the good God who has fed you.” The little ones went to bed, got a kiss and fell asleep at once, and the mother sat and sewed late into the night to get the means of support for them and for herself. And over from the big house the lights shone and the music sounded. The stars shone over all the houses, over the rich and over the poor, equally clear and blessed. “This has really been a delightful evening!” thought the tallow-candle. “I wonder if the wax-candles had it any better in the silver candlestick? I would like to know that before I am burn burned out.” And it thought of the two happy ones, the one lighted by the wax-candle, and the other by the tallow-candle. Yes, that is the whole story!

Смотреть далее | 17.06.2014 | Отправить ссылку друзьям

Рассказ I like to travel - Я люблю путешествовать

I like to travel I like to travel. First of all, the members of our family usually have long walks in the country. Such walks are called hikes. If we want to see countryside we have to spend a part of our summer holidays on hikes. During such hikes we see a lot of interesting places, sometimes we meet interesting people. It's useful for all members of our family. We take our rucksacks. We don't think about tickets and there is no need to hurry up. As for me, it's more comfortable to travel by train and by plane. But it's difficult to buy tickets for the plane. That's why we buy our tickets beforehand. When I travel by plane, I don't spend a lot of time going from one place to another, I like to fly. If I travel by train or by plane my friends see me off at the railway station or in the airport. I like to travel by car. It's interesting too, because you can see many things in a short time. When we go by car, we don't take tickets. We put all things we need in a car. We don't carry them. Sometimes we go to the seaside for a few days. As usual the weather is warm and we can swim. It's a pleasure to watch white ships. So I can say that I enjoy all kinds of traveling very much. [ перевод на русский язык ] Я люблю путешествовать Я люблю путешествовать. В моей семье отдают предпочтение прежде всего пешим походам по местности. Такие походы еще называются прогулками. Если мы хотим побывать за городом, то нам надо провести часть лета в таких прогулках. Во время этих прогулок можно увидеть много достопримечательностей, повстречать интересных людей. Это очень полезно для всех членов моей семьи. Мы собираем рюкзаки. Нет необходимости торопиться и заботиться о билетах. На мой взгляд, путешествовать поездом и самолетом удобнее. Но на самолет трудно достать билеты. Поэтому мы покупаем билеты заранее. Когда я путешествую самолетом, то у меня уходит мало времени на то, чтобы добраться до места назначения. Я люблю летать. Если я путешествую поездом или самолетом, друзья провожают меня на вокзал или в аэропорт. Я люблю путешествовать на машине. Это также очень интересно, потому что за небольшой промежуток времени можно увидеть много интересного. Когда мы едем на машине, билеты нам не нужны. Все необходимые вещи мы кладем в машину. Нет необходимости их носить. Иногда мы ездим на море на несколько дней. Обычно погода хорошая, и мы купаемся. Одно удовольствие наблюдать за белыми кораблями. Итак, я могу сказать, что мне очень нравятся все виды путешествий. Вопросы к рассказу: 1. How do you like to travel? 2. Do you like to travel? 3. Whom do you like to travel with? 4. Why do we buy tickets beforehand? 5. Do you prefer to travel by sea or by plane? Словарик: rucksack — рюкзак to see smb. off — провожать кого-л. beforehand — заранее hike — прогулка

Смотреть далее | 08.06.2014 | Отправить ссылку друзьям

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